Why your blood pressure may be normal at home but high at the doctor’s clinic

Is it common for blood pressure (BP) to be normal at home but high when checked at a clinic? Yes, said Dr Rahul Gupta, director and cardiologist at Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, adding that it is called ‘white coat hypertension’. Adding that it usually happens because people feel anxious, stressed, or nervous during a hospital visit, Dr Gupta continued: “Even the fear of medical tests, waiting rooms, or seeing a doctor can temporarily raise BP levels. In some cases, rushing to the clinic, climbing stairs, lack of sleep, caffeine intake, or talking during the BP check can also cause higher readings.”

Agreeing, Dr Parin Sangoi, consultant interventional cardiologist at Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, said that unrecognised high blood pressure can quietly harm the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes over time, but that unnecessary treatment can be avoided when readings are understood correctly.

Stress hormones released during anxiety make the heart beat faster and narrow blood vessels, leading to a sudden rise in BP. “At home, people are relaxed, so readings often come out normal. While white coat hypertension is not always dangerous, it should not be ignored, as some people may later develop true high BP,” stressed Dr Gupta.

Worrying about test results, dealing with unfamiliar surroundings, or recalling past health experiences can activate stress hormones, elucidated Dr Sangoi. “These hormones temporarily narrow blood vessels and increase heart rate, leading to a short-term spike in blood pressure,” he told indianexpress.com.

Are you feeling stressed? (Photo: Getty Images/Thinkstock)

Stress can influence BP readings. “Check BP at home regularly using a reliable digital monitor. Sit calmly for 5 minutes before taking the measurements and note the readings. Avoid tea, coffee, smoking, or exercise 30 minutes before a BP check. Sharing home BP records with your doctor helps in the correct diagnosis,” said Dr Gupta.

In some cases, doctors may suggest 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Managing stress, exercising regularly, eating less salt, and sleeping well also help keep BP under control. Dr Gupta advised keeping track of the readings and showing them to the doctor, who will decide on the appropriate treatment and avoid prescribing unnecessary medication. “Follow the guidelines given by the doctor and keep the BP within the normal range,” said Dr Gupta.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.