Most of us trust our blood reports blindly. But experts stress analysing the report in the right context to understand if one is actually vulnerable to metabolic conditions like insulin resistance. So, what must be done? Dr Pranav Ghody, consultant endocrinologist and diabetologist, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mumbai Central, noted that a normal fasting blood sugar on the report does not always mean a person is metabolically healthy. “Blood sugar can stay normal for years while insulin resistance gradually develops. These blood tests are useful, just not always complete,” said Dr Ghody.
What exactly is insulin resistance, and why doesn’t it show up early?
Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells do not respond well to insulin. “This forces the pancreas to produce more insulin to keep blood sugar normal. During this phase — which can last 10 to 20 years before diabetes becomes clear — the glucose levels may appear fine on routine tests,” said Dr Ghody.
Blood sugar shows the final stage of metabolic dysfunction. According to Dr Ghody, before glucose levels rise, people may already experience weight gain around the abdomen, fatty liver, abnormal cholesterol, high blood pressure, or increasing insulin levels. “These changes increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease long before glucose reaches diagnostic levels,” said Dr Ghody.
Does this mean fasting glucose is irrelevant?
No, affirmed Dr Ghody. “Fasting glucose is an important screening test, but it is not the only marker of metabolic health. It should be considered alongside clinical features, family history, waist circumference, lipid profile, and sometimes other tests when risk is high,” said Dr Ghody.
Are you reading it right? (Photo: Freepik)
Are there tests that can detect problems earlier than blood sugar?
Dr Ghody said that in certain individuals, tests like HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride to HDL ratio, and specialised liver ultrasound for fatty liver can provide earlier clues. “These are not necessary for everyone but can be useful for people with obesity, a strong family history, PCOS, or early heart disease,” added Dr Ghody.
Should everyone start testing insulin levels routinely?
No, said Dr Ghody. “Insulin levels fluctuate constantly in our blood, so blanket testing can cause confusion and anxiety. The choice to investigate insulin resistance should be individualised and guided by a qualified physician, not driven by social media trends,” stressed Dr Ghody, adding that normal blood sugar does not guarantee lifelong immunity from diabetes.
“Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, getting enough sleep, and timely medical advice are the best ways to prevent metabolic disease,” added Dr Ghody.
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.